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【阿拉丁】不可不知的化学试剂--格氏试剂
2020-08-06
格氏试剂（Grignard Reagent）是指分子式为RMgX的有机镁卤化物，是一类常用的金属有机试剂。主要用于大多数羰基化合物中引入烷基，转变成相应的醇。利用格氏试剂合成烃、醇、醛、酮、羧酸等一系列有机化合物的这些反应称格氏反应。
制备
卤烃在无水乙醚或四氢呋喃中与镁作用生成有机金属镁化合物。
# 格氏试剂非常活泼，可以和空气中的氧、水、二氧化碳发生反应。因此，在制备时，需保持干燥及隔绝空气。
# 活性顺序：
当卤素相同时，烯丙基卤代烃>叔卤代烷>仲卤代烷>伯卤代烷>卤代芳烃；
当烷基相同时，R-I > R-Br > R-Cl
# 由于碘代烷最贵，而氯代烷的反应性最差，所以，实验室中采用溴代烷来合成格氏试剂居多
反应机理
在反应液中格氏试剂不只是以RMgX的形式单独存在，而是R：Mg，MgX ，(RMgX)n等多种物质的混合物，各物质在溶液中存在动态平衡。
格氏试剂和羰基化合物的反应，可能是通过两种机理实现：极性反应机理和自由基单电子转移机理。
低电子亲核力的底物和格氏试剂反应是通常是经过环状过渡态进行协同反应。空间位阻较大的底物和大位阻格氏试剂（CMg键较弱）更倾向于进行自由基机理，格氏试剂向底物进行电子转移引发反应。
主要反应
产品列表
| 产品号 | 结构图 | 中文名称 | 规格 | Cas | 包装 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T121179 |  | 间甲苯基溴化镁溶液 | 1 M in Tetrahydrofuran | 28987-79-3 | 100g,100mL,500mL,1L |
| B121189 |  | 仲丁基溴化镁 | 1M in Tetrahydrofuran | 922-66-7 | 100g,500g |
| B301153 |  | 4-甲氧基-2-甲苯基溴化镁溶液 | ≧95% | 148706-30-3 | 100mg |
| T141031 |  | 3-(三氟甲氧基)苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 100mL | |
| P300945 |  | 五氟苯基溴化镁 | ≧95% | 879-05-0 | 100mL |
| B141035 |  | 3-溴苄基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.25M in THF | 100mL | |
| D141038 |  | 2,3-二甲基苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 134640-85-0 | 100mL |
| T121180 |  | （三甲基硅烷）甲基氯化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in diethyl ether | 13170-43-9 | 100mL |
| D141039 |  | 2,5-二甲氧基苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 62890-98-6 | 100mL |
| F140694 |  | 3-氟-4-甲基苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 185077-02-5 | 100mL |
| M140700 |  | 2-甲基-1-萘基溴化镁 | 0.25 M solution in THF | 21450-90-8 | 100mL |
| D141040 |  | 2,4-二甲氧基苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 138109-49-6 | 100mL |
| T189667 |  | 十四烷基氯化镁 | 1.0 M solution in THF ,MkSeal | 110220-87-6 | 100mL |
| C141041 |  | 5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基溴化镁 | 0.50M in THF | 419535-75-4 | 100mL |
| I141030 |  | 4-异丁基苯基溴化镁 | 0.5M in THF | 100mL | |
| P168892 |  | 五亚甲基双(溴化镁) 溶液 | 23708-48-7 | 100mL | |
| O140656 |  | 十八烷基氯化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 116980-66-6 | 100mL |
| F140698 |  | 5-氟-2-甲基苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 186496-59-3 | 100mL |
| D141042 | | 2,2-二甲基丙基氯化镁 溶液 | 1.0 M in THF | 13132-23-5 | 100mL |
| F140731 |  | 4-氟-2-甲基苯基镁溴化物 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 30897-90-6 | 100mL |
| T141033 |  | 4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 169222-42-8 | 100mL |
| T299176 |  | （三甲基硅烷）甲基氯化镁溶液 | 1mol/L in Tetrahydrofuran | 13170-43-9 | 100mL |
| B141037 |  | 2-溴苄基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.25M in THF | 56812-60-3 | 100mL |
| A110248 |  | 4-甲氧基苯基溴化镁 | 1M in THF | 13139-86-1 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| B107834 |  | 叔丁基氯化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 677-22-5 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| I137886 |  | 异丁基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in THF | 5674-02-2 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| P103163 |  | 苯基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 100-58-3 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| P121175 |  | 戊基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0M in THF | 693-25-4 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| C140719 |  | 3-氯苯基溴化镁 | 0.5M solution in THF | 36229-42-2 | 25mL,100mL,500mL |
| C111412 | | 环戊基溴化镁 | 1mol/L in THF | 33240-34-5 | 25mL,100mL,500mL,1L |
| O121126 |  | 辛基溴化镁溶液 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 17049-49-9 | 100mL,500mL |
| A110229 |  | 烯丙基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in diethyl ether | 1730-25-2 | 100mL,500mL |
| T121178 |  | 邻甲苯基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in Tetrahydrofuran | 932-31-0 | 100mL,500mL |
| B110312 |  | 仲丁基氯化镁 | 2.0M in THF | 15366-08-2 | 100mL,500mL |
| D140764 |  | 3,5-二氟苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 62351-47-7 | 100mL,500mL |
| P140792 |  | 十五烷基溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 78887-70-4 | 100mL,500mL |
| F137861 |  | 4-氟苯基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in MeTHF | 352-13-6 | 100mL,500mL |
| A299170 |  | 烯丙基溴化镁 | 1.0M in THF | 1730-25-2 | 100mL,500mL |
| C121233 |  | 环己基氯化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran | 931-51-1 | 100mL,500mL |
| D140690 |  | 癸基溴化镁 溶液 | 1.0 M in diethyl ether | 17049-50-2 | 100mL,500mL |
| I121226 |  | 异丙基氯化镁氯化锂络合物 | 1.3 M in THF | 745038-86-2 | 100mL,500mL |
| M137849 |  | 2-甲氧苯基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in 2-MeTHF | 16750-63-3 | 100mL,500mL |
| P140750 |  | 3-戊烷溴化镁 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 4852-26-0 | 100mL,500mL |
| M140783 |  | 甲基碘化镁 | 3.0 M in diethyl ether | 917-64-6 | 100mL,500mL |
| D299172 |  | 十二烷基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran | 15890-72-9 | 100mL,500mL |
E107829 |  | 乙基氯化镁 | 2.0M solution in THF | 2386-64-3 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| P137858 |  | 1-丙炔溴化镁溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 16466-97-0 | 25mL,100mL,500mL |
| D140683 |  | 十二烷基溴化镁 溶液 | 1.0 M in diethyl ether | 15890-72-9 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| M130050 |  | 甲基溴化镁 | 3.0 M solution in Diethyl ether | 75-16-1 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| E137848 |  | 乙炔基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 4301-14-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| E168794 |  | 4-乙基苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 22873-28-5 | 50mL,100mL | |
| D195706 |  | 3,4-二甲氧基苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF, MkSeal | 89980-69-8 | 50mL,100mL |
| T140791 |  | 对甲苯基氯化镁 | 2.0 M solution in THF | 696-61-7 | 100mL,800mL |
| H141025 |  | 己基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 3761-92-0 | 100mL,250mL,500mL,800mL |
| N140702 |  | 2-萘溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 21473-01-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| B140651 |  | 3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 112981-69-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| B141028 |  | 苄基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in THF | 6921-34-2 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| B300690 |  | 碘化镁乙醚络合物(易制毒) | 0 | 29054-07-7 | 1g |
| E137873 |  | 乙炔基氯化镁溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 65032-27-1 | 1L |
| F109458 |  | 3-氟苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 1.0 M in THF | 17318-03-5 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| M140713 |  | 3-甲氧基苯基溴化镁 | 1.0M 四氢呋喃溶液 | 36282-40-3 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| C115964 |  | 环丙基溴化镁 | 1mol/L in THF | 23719-80-4 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| B110228 |  | 3-丁烯溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 7103-09-5 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| M130052 | | 甲基溴化镁 | 1.0 M solution in THF | 75-16-1 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| T121101 |  | 对甲苯基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 4294-57-9 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| P107833 |  | 苯基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran | 100-59-4 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| B106922 |  | 苄基氯化镁 | 1.0M in THF | 6921-34-2 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| I115797 |  | 异丙烯溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 13291-18-4 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| I121129 |  | 异丙基溴化镁溶液 | 2.9M in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran | 920-39-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| I129155 | | 异丙基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 920-39-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| I107831 |  | 异丙基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in THF | 1068-55-9 | 100mL,250mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| O299169 |  | 辛基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0M in Tetrahydrofuran | 17049-49-9 | 250g |
| D140723 |  | 3,5-二甲苯基溴化镁 | 0.5M 四氢呋喃溶液 | 34696-73-6 | 250mL |
| P137863 |  | 丙基溴化镁 | 2M in THF | 927-77-5 | 100mL,250mL |
| B107759 |  | 正丁基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in THF | 693-04-9 | 100mL,250mL,500mL,1L |
| B107835 |  | 叔丁基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 677-22-5 | 100mL,250mL,500mL |
| C140647 |  | 5-氯-2-噻吩基溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 111762-30-2 | 25mL,100mL |
| M140715 |  | 4-甲氧基苄基氯化镁 | 0.25 M in THF | 38769-92-5 | 25mL,100mL |
| D107828 |  | 2,5-二甲基苯基溴化镁 (1M THF溶液) | 2M in THF | 30897-86-0 | 25mL,100mL,500mL |
| B115959 |  | 苄基溴化镁 | 1mol/L in THF | 1589-82-8 | 25mL,100mL,500mL |
| M121223 |  | 2-甲基烯丙基氯化镁溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 5674-01-1 | 25mL,4×25mL,100mL,500mL,1L |
| P137874 |  | 丙基氯化镁 | 1.0M in MeTHF | 2234-82-4 | 100mL,500mL |
| A107299 |  | 氯丙烯镁 | 1.0M in THF | 2622-05-1 | 100mL,500mL |
| P110287 | | 丙基氯化镁 | 2.0M in THF | 2234-82-4 | 100mL,500mL |
| B140704 |  | 2-丁烯基氯化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 22649-70-3 | 100mL,500mL |
| M141043 |  | 1-甲基-2-丙烯基氯化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 21969-32-4 | 100mL,500mL |
| T140697 |  | 4-硫代苯甲醚溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 18620-04-7 | 100mL,500mL |
| E107752 |  | 乙基溴化镁 | 3.0 M in diethyl ether | 925-90-6 | 100mL,500mL |
| C121232 |  | 环己基氯化镁 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 931-51-1 | 100mL,500mL |
| M141044 |  | 2-甲基-2-苯丙基氯化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 35293-35-7 | 100mL,500mL |
| M299174 |  | 甲基碘化镁 | 1.0 M solution in THF | 917-64-6 | 100mL,500mL |
| F137869 |  | 3-氟苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 1.0M in MeTHF | 17318-03-5 | 100mL,500mL |
| O140735 |  | 1-辛基氯化镁 | 1.4 M solution in THF | 38841-98-4 | 100mL,500mL |
| B140730 |  | 4-联苯溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 3315-91-1 | 100mL,500mL |
| H121181 |  | 己基溴化镁溶液 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 3761-92-0 | 100mL,500mL |
| M140778 |  | 1-甲基-1-丙烯基溴化镁 | 0.5M 四氢呋喃溶液 | 85676-85-3 | 100mL,500mL |
| C140721 |  | (环己基甲基)溴化镁 | 0.5 M solution in THF | 35166-78-0 | 100mL,500mL |
| I121177 |  | 异丁基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in THF | 926-62-5 | 100mL,500mL |
| E107753 | | 乙基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 925-90-6 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| T140729 |  | 邻甲苯基氯化镁 | 1.0M solution in THF | 33872-80-9 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| B140769 |  | 4-叔丁基苯基溴化镁 | 2.0 M in diethyl ether | 63488-10-8 | 50mL,100mL,500mL |
| F140687 | 4-氟苄基氯化镁 | 0.25 M solution in diethyl ether | 50mL,100mL,500mL,800mL | ||
| H121187 |  | 1-己基氯化镁溶液 | 2.0 M in THF | 44767-62-6 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| M119433 |  | 甲基氯化镁 溶液 | 3.0 M in THF | 676-58-4 | 100mL,500mL,1L |
| H110247 |  | 正庚基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 13125-66-1 | 100mL,250mL,500mL,1L |
| B140728 |  | 3-联苯溴化镁 | 0.5M in THF | 103068-18-4 | 25mL,100mL,500mL |
| C137862 |  | 环丙基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 23719-80-4 | 25mL,100mL,500mL,1L |
| F299177 |  | 4-氟苄基氯化镁 | 0.25 M in THF | 1643-73-8 | 50mL |
| F165978 |  | 3-氟-4-甲氧苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 112780-67-3 | 50mL |
| F137868 | | 3-氟苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 17318-03-5 | 50mL |
| C170536 |  | 3-氯-5-氟苯基溴化镁 溶液 | 480438-50-4 | 50mL,100mL | |
| F137870 |  | 4-氟-3-甲基苯基溴化镁溶液 | 1.0 M in THF | 82297-89-0 | 50mL,100mL,500mL,800mL |
| N140777 |  | 1-萘基溴化镁 | 0.25 M in THF | 703-55-9 | 5mL |
| M130051 |  | 甲基溴化镁 | 3.0 M solution in 2-Methyl-THF | 75-16-1 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| F109413 |  | 4-氟苯基溴化镁 | 1.0 M in THF | 352-13-6 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| V107234 |  | 氯乙烯基镁 | 1.6 M in THF | 3536-96-7 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| V107233 |  | 乙烯基溴化镁 | 1.0M in THF | 1826-67-1 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L, |
| I140753 | | 异丁基氯化镁 | 2.0 M solution in Diethyl ether | 5674-02-2 | 25mL,800mL |
| B140768 |  | 4-叔丁基苯基溴化镁 | 0.5 M in THF | 63488-10-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| M141032 |  | 2-甲基-1-丙烯基溴化镁 溶液 | 0.5 M in THF | 38614-36-7 | 100mL,500mL,800mL |
| C115961 |  | 环己基溴化镁 | 1mol/L in THF | 931-50-0 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| E130053 | | 乙基溴化镁 | 2.0 M solution in THF | 925-90-6 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
| C110286 |  | 4-氯苯基溴化镁 | 1M in THF | 873-77-8 | 100mL,500mL,800mL,1L |
